![]() ![]() Symbolism is also used by Adiga to depict the ‘two countries’ within India. Balram expresses his realisation that this struggle is emblematic of not only his mother’s life, but the adversity faced by all inhabitants of the Darkness, who despite their efforts, would never be “liberated”. Adiga establishes the repugnant river as a symbol of the hopelessness endured by those in the Darkness, suggesting that although Balram’s mother’s body was “trying to fight the black mud”, it was “sucking her in” and she would inevitably become “part of the black mound”. In the early pages of his epistolary novel, Adiga includes an evocative description of the funeral of Balram’s mother, whose corpse is burned and abandoned to the “black mud” of the Ganga River. Through a symbolic representation of the hardships endured by India’s poor and the exploitative behaviour of the upper classes, Adiga condemns the social structure of New India, which facilitates such pervasive inequality. ![]()
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